A tall, annual or biennial medicinal herb of the Asteraceae family, native to Southern Europe. It is cultivated for its seeds, which contain silymarin, a compound used to support liver health. It is characterized by its spiny leaves and distinctive purple flower heads.

Optimal growing conditions including temperature, humidity, light intensity (DLI), photoperiod for controlled environments.

Hydroponic system compatibility analysis for DWC, NFT, drip, ebb & flow, Kratky, aeroponics, including soil and soilless growing media options.

Troubleshooting guide covering 2 common issues including Powdery Mildew, Aphids/Spider Mites. Each with symptoms, causes, solutions, and prevention strategies.